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【这些年，我们创造的奇迹②】我国海水稻种植面积突破百万亩******

　　【这些年，我们创造的奇迹②】

我国海水稻种植面积突破百万亩

袁隆平院士夙愿正一步步成为现实

　　光明日报青岛1月11日电（记者崔兴毅、刘艳杰）曾经寸草不生的海滨滩涂，或是直泛盐花的盐碱地上，竟然能长出香喷喷的稻米。这是我国农业科技工作者创造的奇迹！最新统计显示，截至2022年年底，我国耐盐碱水稻（俗称“海水稻”）种植面积已突破100万亩！

　　我国有近15亿亩盐碱地，一向被视为“农业荒漠”，而在中国农业科技人员眼中，种植海水稻，是唤醒这一“沉睡”资源的重要方式。2012年，袁隆平院士牵头，在山东青岛组建海水稻研发团队，开始技术攻关。

　　“与普通水稻不同，海水稻必须具有一定的耐盐碱能力，可以在海滨滩涂、内陆盐碱地种植。最初的种质资源，是袁老从国内外一点点收集来的。在此基础上，我们通过基因测序技术，筛选出天然抗盐、抗碱、抗病基因的品种。目前，我们已经拥有种质资源近2000份。”青岛海水稻研究发展中心技术研发部部长万吉丽介绍，“不仅如此，种质的耐盐能力也不断提高,从最初的3‰，提高到现在的8‰。”

　　光筛选种质不够,还得改良土壤。为此，科研人员探索出一套以综合排灌系统、物联网传感器系统、大数据农业信息服务系统为基础的盐碱地改良技术。“通过地下传感器感知温度、碱度、生长态势等信息，并即时传送至大数据中心，通过AI和专家诊断系统，智能调控土壤盐碱度及水肥释放，让土壤和作物都‘活’起来。”万吉丽说。

　　2018年，精心培育的海水稻经历了最严峻的考验——在紧邻塔克拉玛干沙漠的新疆喀什岳普湖县恶劣的环境中试种。“当年亩产就达到300公斤，2019年以后，每年亩产都超过540公斤！”令全程参与该项目的山东省泰安市援疆指挥部技术人员王琦更加兴奋的是，“土壤盐碱度从之前的17‰降到2‰，还实现了一年之内稻麦两作！”

　　小小海水稻，打开中国粮食增产新版图。10年来，我国海水稻已从科研试验阶段进入规模化推广，实现了对全国四大类典型盐碱地的全覆盖。

　　2020年，袁隆平院士进一步在全国开展海水稻推广种植，启动“十百千”工程——当年完成10万亩海水稻种植、100万亩盐碱地综合利用、1000万亩可利用的盐碱地储备。该工程计划用8到10年时间，改造一亿亩盐碱地,实现盐碱地变粮仓。

　　“目前，这一工程正在稳步推进。‘改造一亿亩盐碱地，多养活8000万人’是袁老的夙愿。我们离实现这个目标越来越近！”万吉丽信心满怀。

　　《光明日报》（ 2023年01月12日 01版）

中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******

　　中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文·麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。

　　资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄

　　由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。

　　麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。

　　一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。

　　此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。

　　作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。

　　美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。

　　这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。

　　从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。

　　两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。

　　House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy

　　(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".

　　The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.

　　Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.

　　On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.

　　On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.

　　Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.

　　As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.

　　But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.

　　CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.

　　This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.

　　Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.

　　From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.

　　Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.

　　The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.

　　（文图：赵筱尘 巫邓炎）